Let me explain to you the following symbols on the results of the blood test.

Hemoglobin (Hb):

It is a complex protein that is the main component of erythrocytes, which are responsible for the transfer of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and the removal of CO2. The normal range is: for men – 130-160 g/l, for women – 120-140 g/l. If hemoglobin is low, it indicates anemia or possible bleeding, and high values ​​indicate dehydration, blood diseases, and some types of heart disease.

Red blood cells:

Blood cells containing hemoglobin. The normal range is: in men – 4.0-5.1 × 10¹² cells/l; for women – 3.7-4.7 × 10¹² cells/l. In healthy people, an excess of red blood cells can be observed at high altitudes. But it usually refers to diseases of the bronchi, lungs, kidneys, liver and heart. The lack of erythrocytes refers to anemia, acute blood loss, and chronic inflammatory processes. Sometimes it appears in the late stages of pregnancy.

Leukocytes:

White blood cells produced in the bone marrow and lymph nodes to protect the body from toxins, viruses, and bacteria. Normal range is: 4‚0–9‚0 × 10⁹ cells/L. Excess refers to inflammation or bacterial infection in the body. The level of leukocytes increases due to severe stress, physical stress or pregnancy. Viral infections, as well as taking painkillers and anticonvulsants, can cause a decrease in the number of leukocytes.

Platelets:

Cells responsible for blood clotting. Normal range is: 180–320 × 10⁹ cells / l. Excess amounts indicate tuberculosis, ulcerative colitis, and cirrhosis of the liver. A decrease in the platelet count occurs in alcohol and heavy metal poisoning, blood diseases, kidney failure, liver and spleen diseases, and mountain sickness.

ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in a test tube. Normal values ​​are: for men – 2-10 mm/h, for women – 2-15 mm/h. Elevation is seen during infection, inflammation, anemia, kidney disease, hormonal disorders, trauma, post-surgical shock, pregnancy, and menstruation. A reduced value is manifested in diseases such as insufficient blood circulation and anaphylactic shock.

Glucose:

Blood sugar indicator. Normal range is: 3.5-6.5 mmol/L. A high reading indicates diabetes. A low level indicates irregular nutrition and hormonal disruptions.

Total protein: Normal range: 60-80 g/L. This indicator decreases after a strict diet, as well as in case of impaired liver and kidney function.

Total bilirubin: An indicator of liver function. Normal range is: 20.5 mmol/l. This indicator increases when hepatitis, cholelithiasis or destruction of red blood cells.

Creatinine: An indicator of liver function. Normal range is: 0.18 mmol/l. A high level is a sign of kidney failure.